DNA storage technology: a sustainable solution for Big Data. Tecnología de almacenamiento en ADN: una solución sostenible para el Big Data

Abstract

The growing global generation of data has posed significant challenges in terms of storage, sustainability, and energy efficiency. In this context, DNA storage technology emerges as an innovative and sustainable solution to address the Big Data problem. The justification for this research lies in the need to find alternative and durable media that overcome the limitations of traditional storage systems, such as hard drives and servers, which consume large amounts of energy and require constant maintenance. The objective of this study is to analyze the potential of DNA as a mass storage medium, evaluating its capacity, durability, information density, and technical feasibility. The materials and methods employed include a literature review of recent research on digital data encoding in nitrogenous base sequences (A, T, C, G), DNA synthesis and sequencing, as well as a comparative analysis with conventional storage technologies. The results show that DNA can store up to 215 petabytes per gram, with a stability of thousands of years under appropriate conditions. Although current costs are high, rapid progress has been observed in reducing prices and read/write times.